Researchers at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf coaxed human brain organoids to form optic cups. The team added retinoic acid, a vitamin A derivative, 20 days after the organoids began developing. Two eye‑like str…

When exposed to light, the organoids generated electrical signals that travelled along the neural pathways. The response suggests that visual information is being transmitted, even though the tissues are far from matu…

The work offers a new model for inherited eye diseases. Gopalakrishnan says the organoids could eventually provide artificial retinas for blind patients.[^4][^2][^3][^5] The current limitation is longevity: the organo…

Living processors: organoids as biocomputers